Disscussion三部曲，让你的文章锦上添花！（含写作模板）
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作者：解螺旋.子非鱼
如需转载请注明来源：解螺旋·医生科研助手
Discussion作为一篇SCI的精髓和核心部分，最能体现文章数据的好坏和重要性。可以说，文章到底能投几分，这货是关键。同时，Discussion也是文章中最难写好的部分，写的好画龙点睛，写的不好画蛇添足。那么好的Discussion到底要怎样写，听小鱼娓娓道来。
1.回顾研究的主要目的或假说。通常用一句话来重申你的研究内容，此时可参考引言部分，但不要直接复制，即使是重复内容也要改变一下语句。同时探讨文章所得结果与科学假说是否相符合及其原因。
2.概述研究中的重要发现，择重要问题深入讨论。对结果的解释要有依据，且重点突出、层次分明。不要简单地罗列结果，也不要在次要问题上大费笔墨。比如，当Results中和前人的研究一致，并无显著性差异，就应该一笔带过。
3.问题讨论要按一定层次从多个角度分析。其实，研究结果没有绝对的对和错，但是文章的推论一定要符合逻辑，因而作者可从实验设计角度、理论原理角度或分析方法角度来分析自己的结论与其他结论的差异性。
4.要突出论文的亮点和新意，强调创新性。比如临床研究的新意在于新疗法，新诊断，新观察；基础研究的新意则在于新方法，新发现和新理论（假设）。如果你从事基础研究，应该在讨论中结合文章结果和他人的相关结果有逻辑性的提出新的理论（假设）。这样的论文才有份量。
1.指出文章存在的局限性。在医学研究中切记扬长避短，诚然这是保护自己文章的一个好办法，但是一般而言，审稿人都是该领域的牛人，如果觉得作者在刻意隐藏文章的漏洞，就会对文章的可信度产生疑虑，这样文章很有可能就被杂志拒之门外。
2.将自己的研究与以前的研究工作想联系。针对文章中的核心新意进行讨论，并客观比较其优劣及差异处。重点讨论自己为何会得出不同于其他人的结论，即便对造成差异的原因不是很清楚，也不能断言自己的研究成果是正确的，而别人的结果就是错误的。
3.提出局限性可能的解决方案。在指出文章中的一些不足之后，一定要马上加强本文的重要性以及可能的解决方法，为下一步的研究打下伏笔。这样不仅为审稿人一个交代，同时表明你已在思考这些问题，尽管目前由于实验进度或条件的限制，暂时不能回答这些问题，但是将来如果条件允许，问题可在将来的研究中得以解决。
4.提出新的科学问题和进一步的研究方向。这部分作为文章的点睛之笔，需要注意把握好一个度。不要过头、不要提出特别宏伟的计划或不合理的内容，同时也应避免过度阐释（over-interpretation），即不要过分强调研究的影响力，否则很容易招致审稿人的反感。
1.通读全文，保证Discussion部分与Result的一致性！就是结果和讨论要一一对应，千万不能出现按讨论的内容推出与实验相反的结论这种情形，否则只能说明你讨论的思路是彻底的失败或你的实验压根儿就是失败的。
2.校对你的结论部分。尽量避免文章中出现语法和拼写错误，不然，再好的文章主题也难赢得审稿人的青睐。因此，字句的加工修改必不可少。同时，通过快速阅读对Discussion进行适当的删减，使这部分干净简练。
3.以第三人称来写。尽量避免使用“I”、“we”、“me”等单词，相反可用以下语句来代替“The hypothesis was supported......”
参考文献：1、Write-a-Good-Lab-Conclusion-in-Science/2、Write-a-Conclusion-for-a-Research-Paper
2.These results are far better than those of adult DMs cultured with TIC medium, and are comparable to neonatal DMs cultured with TIC medium.
3.UM can be successfully cultured from eyes with A.
4.The best results were obtained by M; using this method, the IPE was separated by microdissection after treatment with an enzyme solution, which decreased the trauma produced by prolonged exposure to the enzyme and the mechanical injuries caused by the direct dissection method.
5.The M, which yields the best results for isolating IPE from autopsy eyes, yielded better results for the surgical specimens. 药物效果好 Sb reported that X at a concentration of 100 ug/ml eliminated fibroblasts without affecting DM. 细胞好（做试验可靠） UMs could be cultured in FIC medium with a doubling time of 2.3 days, divided for 40-50 times and maintained over a long period (up to 7 months). 试验结果的可靠性 1.These experiments were repeated several times, and were carried out under double blind conditions in Experiments 1 and 2. All results were in good agreement, indicating the results are valid and repeatable.
2.The results were reproducible and the effects were consistent for all adrenergic agonists tested.
3.Furthermore, our results are consistent with the results of the binding assays showing that---. 毒性 X is more toxic to rapidly dividing cells. 以往实验的不足 1.Early attempts to establish UM in culture were frustrated largely by the difficulty of isolating melanocytes from uveal tissues, their slow growth in vitro, and the proliferative advantage of other cell types in the culture.
2.Earlier researchers used explant methods to isolate UM, but their outgrowth was slow and few UM grew.
3.We tried this method, but only UM from the outer lamina could be isolated, isolation was incomplete, and cell yields were low. 注意事项 To establish pure cultures of UM, it was necessary to address three problem areas: methods of isolation, elimination of contaminant cells, and growth stimulation. 新进展 1.In recent years, some authors used Ms to isolate UM from the uvea.
2.We have developed a method to separate pigment epithelium and sclera from uvea first, facilitating isolation of UM from the uvea completely with little or no contamination by pigment epithelium and scleral fibroblasts.
3.The involvement of the a-adrenoceptor in melanogenesis may be regarded as unexpected, since it is typically regarded as being associated with ---. This provides yet further evidence that the a-adrenoceptor is well represented in the human eye. 优点 1.This method has several advantages.
2.The M led to higher cell yields and less cell damage than the M2.
3.The advantages of the enzyme microdissectionenzyme isolation method include the following: (1) Isolating the IPE as a complete sheet, avoiding the loss of cells and resulting in a 63.8% increase in cell yields. (2) Separating the IPE with fine forceps, reducing trauma. (3) Decreasing the time needed for exposing the cells to the enzyme solution (10 minutes before and 30 minutes after separation) vs the M2(90 minutes), reducing cell damage from prolonged exposure to enzymatic digestion. These factors resulted in higher cell yields, better viability, and better growth ability of the IPE isolated by the M2.
4.It is easy to measure in living cells; the results are reliable and repeatable, and has been widely used as a parameter for evaluating the effects of various factors in differentiation of Cs in vitro. 解释说明 Several explanations exist for the incomplete cell yields, the low viability, and the low growth rate. First, the excised tissue is small, containing less than 1% of the IPE of the whole iris. It is more difficult to induce cells to proliferate when the cell density is low compared with when a large population of cells is available. Second, the loss of cells during the isolation process further decreases the success rate. The tiny specimens make it more difficult to manipulate and easier to injure the IPE cells. Third, surgical trauma also decreases cell viability. Therefore, a refined technique was required to obtain better results. One possible explanation for this discrepancy may be that --- and that --- in the short duration of the present study. 意义 1.Measurement of melanin content is more direct and meaningful/（important）than that of tryosinase activity.
2.This method provides a valuable source of large numbers of Cs, which can be used to study their biological behavior, to compare with the UMs; and to compare them to their malignant counterparts in the exploration of the pathogenesis of A.
3.The demonstrated synergistic effect of antioxidants and trophic factors may have important clinical implications. Future studies of different combined treatments might provide new avenues to combat RGC death in IOP-elevated eyes. 新方法及其优点 1.In conclusion/(summary), we have developed a method for isolating and cultivating UM that yields consistently satisfactory results.
2.This method provides a valuable source of large numbers of adult-derived UM, which can be used to study their function and structure in vitro.
3.Such cultures may be useful in investigations of the role of UM in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases, including A1, A2, and others.
4.The study of cultured IPE from the surgically excised iris of patients with various diseases may improve our understanding of their pathogenesis.
5.Comparing the metabolic processes between normal IPE and cultured IPE taken from patients with A will be the basis for further understanding the pathogenesis of A.
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